Farshad Firouzi

Research

Four interconnected research pillars, spanning the foundations of AI hardware and computing to space systems, physical intelligence, and trustworthy AI.

Research directions

Across the AI computing stack

Our work connects foundational hardware and software innovations with intelligent applications in data centers, at the edge, and in space. Each direction includes related subtopics and opportunities for cross-layer research.

RESEARCH AREA 01

AI Computing Infrastructure, Hardware & Systems

Building efficient, scalable AI systems across the computing stack, from emerging devices to specialized processors, AI software, and distributed infrastructure.

AI Accelerators & Computer Architecture

Custom ASIC/FPGA accelerators, domain-specific architectures, efficient transformers and mixture-of-experts (MoE), and workload-driven computer architecture.

In-Memory Computing (IMC / CiM)

Processing-in-memory and compute-in-memory architectures, ReRAM/MRAM/FeFET-based computing, memory-centric dataflows, and efficient AI inference.

Neuromorphic Computing

Brain-inspired architectures, spiking neural networks, event-driven computation, and energy-efficient neuromorphic accelerators.

Silicon Photonics

Photonic and electronic–photonic accelerators, optical computing, optical interconnects, and photonic processing-in-memory.

Emerging Compute Substrates

Beyond-CMOS computing, CMOS+X, emerging devices and memories, flexible/printed electronics, and back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration.

Advanced Packaging

2.5D/3D packaging, high-density interconnects, thermal/power constraints, and packaging-aware architecture.

Chiplets & Heterogeneous Integration

Chiplet architectures, three-dimensional heterogeneous integration, and electronic–photonic and memory–logic integration.

AI Systems

Training and inference systems, LLM/MoE deployment, inference serving, runtime scheduling, model execution, and AI workload optimization.

Hardware–Software Co-Design

Joint optimization across models, algorithms, runtimes, memory hierarchies, accelerators, and physical implementation.

AI Data Centers & Distributed Infrastructure

AI clusters, distributed training/inference, cloud infrastructure, AI networking, interconnects, and resource orchestration.

AI-Driven Hardware Design & Agentic EDA

Agentic AI, LLMs, and reinforcement learning as enabling methods for chip and accelerator design, design-space exploration, RTL, optimization, test, and verification.

RESEARCH AREA 02

Space Computing & Communications

Advancing orbital AI infrastructure, satellite connectivity, and secure, resilient intelligent systems for space environments.

Space Data Centers & Orbital AI Infrastructure

Space data centers, distributed space–ground computing, orbital AI workloads and energy-aware architecture.

Satellite & Non-Terrestrial Communications

5G/6G NTN, O-RAN, O²-RAN, RIC and xApps/rApps, protocols, software stacks and dynamic satellite networking.

NTN Radio Hardware & PHY

RF front ends, radio units, beamforming, MIMO, FPGA/SDR and hardware for space communications.

Space Edge Computing & Onboard AI

Autonomous satellite intelligence, onboard inference, space–edge orchestration and adaptive computing.

Space AI Accelerators & Architectures

Radiation-aware accelerators, secure chiplets, constrained power budgets, reliable onboard computing.

Space Systems Security & Resilience

Secure satellite communications, cyber resilience, fault tolerance, mission assurance, and AI/hardware security.

Intelligent Aerospace Platforms

CubeSats, UAVs, aerospace robotics, embedded autonomous systems and resilient operations in degraded environments.

RESEARCH AREA 03

Edge, Physical & Embodied AI

Advancing intelligence that can perceive, learn, reason, plan, and act in real-world environments.

Edge AI & On-Device Intelligence

Efficient inference, model compression, embedded AI, TinyML, real-time processing and intelligent sensing under energy and latency constraints.

AI Accelerators for Physical AI

Low-power and real-time hardware for multimodal reasoning, embodied foundation models, VLMs, VLAs, and robotic control.

Embodied AI & Robotics

Intelligent perception, manipulation, navigation, control, and interaction between agents and real environments.

Vision-Language Models (VLMs)

Multimodal perception and grounding of visual, language, and sensor information for physical-world understanding.

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Models

Foundation models translating multimodal observations and instructions into actions for robots and autonomous platforms.

Generative World Models

Learned predictive and generative representations of environments, dynamics, and future states for planning and simulation.

Spatial Reasoning & Physics-Informed AI

3D/4D perception, spatial understanding, physical constraints, and physics-informed learning for grounded intelligence.

Reinforcement Learning

Sequential decision-making, adaptive control, robust policies, and learning to act under uncertainty.

Imitation Learning & Robot Learning

Learning skills from demonstrations, behavior cloning, policy adaptation, and robot skill acquisition.

Long-Horizon Planning & Reasoning

Multi-step task execution, hierarchical planning, reasoning over actions, and goal-directed autonomy.

Continual Learning & Sim-to-Real Transfer

Adaptation to changing environments, continual improvement, simulation-based learning, and real-world transfer.

Autonomous & Multi-Agent Systems

Agentic AI, multi-robot coordination, resilient collective intelligence, autonomous cooperation and distributed decision-making.

RESEARCH AREA 04

Trustworthy, Secure & Resilient AI

Developing dependable AI models, intelligent agents, secure computing platforms, and cross-layer safeguards.

AI Safety, Alignment & Robustness

Safety evaluations, alignment, adversarial robustness, red teaming and resilient model behavior.

Foundation Models, Reasoning & RL

Reasoning control, test-time computation, reinforcement learning, reliable planning and model adaptation.

Trustworthy Agentic & Self-Improving AI

Agent security, verifiable workflows, learning from failure, self-correction and trustworthy self-improvement.

AI Model Security & Privacy

Adversarial examples, model extraction, data poisoning, backdoors, prompt injection and model privacy.

Hardware & Systems Security

Side channels, fault injection, hardware Trojans, accelerator vulnerabilities and secure architectures.

Reliable & Resilient AI Computing

Silent data corruption, fault tolerance, reliable inference, system monitoring and cross-layer security defenses.

Other contributions: AI for healthcare and digital health is part of the established research and publication portfolio. Full publications are available on Google Scholar ↗.
Research opportunities

Openings in the Lab

Research opportunities span AI infrastructure and hardware, space computing and communications, physical AI, and trustworthy AI. Motivated prospective PhD and postdoctoral researchers and current JHU undergraduate and master’s students are welcome to explore the directions below.

Current JHU undergraduate and master’s students: If you would like to gain research experience, contribute to a project, or explore joining the lab, email Prof. Firouzi with your CV/resume, a short research statement describing your interests and relevant skills, and your expected availability. Prior research experience is welcome but not required for every project.

If you are a prospective PhD student: Please indicate your interest in the JHU ECE PhD online application form and in your research statement. You are also welcome to reach out directly by sending your CV via email to discuss your application.

Current JHU PhD students and prospective postdocs: Researchers interested in collaborating or exploring an available position are welcome to email a CV, a brief research statement, and examples of relevant work.

PhD Research Directions

Select a research direction below to view its full description and preferred experience.

Next-Generation Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

Seeking candidates across two research directions: 1) NTN Communication Systems, Protocols & AI: Developing and adapting 5G/6G and O-RAN architectures, protocols, and software stacks for satellite networks, addressing NTN-specific challenges such as long propagation delays, Doppler effects, timing synchronization, satellite mobility, dynamic topology, and handover management. Research also includes AI-driven network optimization, RAN Intelligent Controllers (RIC), and xApps/rApps. Strong programming skills (C/C++/Python), hands-on experience with wireless protocols, 3GPP NR-NTN, or O-RAN systems, and familiarity with AI/ML are highly desirable. 2) NTN Radio Units & Wireless Hardware: Designing next-generation radio units, RF front ends, and PHY-layer implementations for satellite communications, including beamforming, MIMO, and FPGA/SDR platforms. Strong background in RF design, wireless communications, signal processing, or FPGA implementation is preferred.

AI-Driven Accelerator Design & Agentic EDA (within AI Infrastructure)

This methodology complements broader AI accelerator and computing-systems research. Seeking candidates interested in developing AI-driven methodologies for next-generation chip design and automation. Research directions include leveraging large language models (LLMs), agentic and multi-agent AI, reinforcement learning (RL), and foundation models for design space exploration, RTL generation, power, performance, and area (PPA) optimization, formal verification, physical design, and hardware security. Candidates should have a strong foundation in chip design, VLSI, EDA, along with solid AI/ML expertise, particularly hands-on experience with LLMs and reinforcement learning.

Next-Generation AI Infrastructure

Seeking candidates interested in developing next-generation computing and networking infrastructure for AI systems. Research directions include custom AI accelerators, ASICs, chiplet-based architectures, in-memory and neuromorphic computing, emerging memories and back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration, CMOS+X technologies, silicon photonics, heterogeneous integration, advanced packaging and 3D integration, high-performance interconnects, AI networking, and distributed AI computing. Particular emphasis is placed on scalable, energy-efficient, and resilient AI infrastructure for data centers, edge, and aerospace applications, including space-based AI infrastructure, orbital data centers, radiation-tolerant computing, and autonomous onboard computing. Ideal candidates have a strong background in electrical engineering, computer engineering, or computer science, with hands-on experience in one or more of ASIC design flows, analog/mixed-signal circuits, emerging devices and memories, VLSI, computer architecture, networking, distributed systems, or hardware-software co-design.

Physical AI

Seeking candidates interested in developing next-generation AI models that enable intelligent agents to perceive, reason, learn, plan, and act in complex physical environments. Research directions include vision-language-action (VLA) models, vision-language models (VLMs), multimodal world models, embodied foundation models, spatial and embodied reasoning, reinforcement learning, imitation learning, long-horizon planning, recursive self-improvement and self-evolving AI agents, continual learning, sim-to-real transfer, and resilient collective intelligence. Ideal candidates have a strong background in artificial intelligence or computer science, with hands-on experience in deep learning, foundation models, reinforcement learning, or multi-agent systems. Familiarity with world models, VLA/VLM architectures, reasoning, or self-improving AI systems is highly desirable.

AI Systems Security & Trustworthiness

Seeking candidates interested in advancing hardware security, AI model security, and the trustworthiness of AI systems. Research directions include hardware security challenges such as side-channel attacks, fault injection attacks, hardware Trojans, and vulnerabilities in AI accelerators and computing platforms, as well as AI model security threats including adversarial attacks, model extraction, data poisoning, backdoors, prompt injection, and model privacy. We are particularly interested in developing novel security mechanisms, secure AI inference, and resilient defenses across hardware and AI software stacks. Ideal candidates have a strong background in hardware security, computer security, computer architecture, or machine learning, with hands-on experience in hardware security or AI/ML security.

Intelligent Aerospace Systems & Resilient Autonomous Platforms

Seeking candidates interested in developing next-generation intelligent aerospace systems for mission-critical applications, spanning satellites, CubeSats, UAVs, autonomous aerial platforms, and space robotics. Research directions include onboard AI and edge computing, autonomous navigation and control, multi-agent coordination, resilient communications, cybersecurity, and reliable operation in contested, degraded, or GPS-denied environments. We particularly value multidisciplinary candidates who can connect the dots across AI, robotics, aerospace engineering, embedded systems, communications, and security to develop integrated, real-world solutions. Ideal candidates have a background in aerospace, electrical, computer, or mechanical engineering, or robotics, with hands-on experience in CubeSat/SmallSat development, UAVs and quadcopters, avionics, embedded systems, flight control, CAD, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, or system integration and testing. Candidates with demonstrated experience designing, building, and testing complex systems, including veterans and individuals with (defense) R&D or aerospace industry backgrounds, are particularly encouraged to apply. We also welcome active-duty military officers and government professionals seeking PhD opportunities through service-sponsored or government-funded graduate education programs, including (but not limited to) those affiliated with the U.S. Space Force, Air Force, Army, and other defense organizations.